As parents, we want to provide the best for our children. Seeing them grow and develop healthily and optimally is a dream. However, in the midst of the journey of raising children, sometimes there are things that make us worry. One of them is when the Little One shows signs of hyperactivity.
What is a hyperactive child?
Hyperactive children, also known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is a neurological condition characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty focusing. Children with ADHD generally have excessive energy and find it difficult to stay still and calm. They are also easily distracted and often act without thinking about the consequences.
Causes of Hyperactive Children?
The exact cause of hyperactivity in children is not yet known. However, some factors that are thought to play a role in this condition include:
- Genetic Factors: Research shows that ADHD is more common in children who have parents or siblings with ADHD.
- Neurological Factors: Differences in brain structure and function in hyperactive children are also thought to be one of the causes.
- Environmental Factors: Environmental factors such as exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy or exposure to other harmful substances during infancy, can also increase the risk of hyperactivity in children.
Characteristics of Hyperactive Children
Here are some characteristics of hyperactive children that Moms need to pay attention to:
1. Difficult to stay still and focus
Hyperactive children tend to find it difficult to sit still and focus on one activity for a long time. They are easily distracted by things around them and often move from one activity to another.
2. Talking excessively
Hyperactive children may talk more and faster than other children their age. They may often interrupt others and find it difficult to listen to instructions.
3. Rough play
When playing, hyperactive children may tend to play more roughly and impulsively than other children. They may fall easily, bump into objects, or hurt others.
4. Difficult to follow rules
Hyperactive children may find it difficult to follow rules and boundaries set by parents or teachers. They may often challenge authority and get easily frustrated when they don't get their way.
5. Difficult to get along
Hyperactive children may have difficulty in getting along with peers. They may be irritable, easily angered, and have difficulty in cooperating with others.
6. Often disturb others
Hyperactive children may often disturb others when they are talking, playing, or learning. They may interrupt conversations, take other people's things, or make loud noises.
7. Difficulty focusing and sitting still while eating or playing
Hyperactive children may struggle to focus while eating or playing. They may be easily distracted and often leave their food or their toys.
How to overcome hyperactive children at home
In addition to treatment from a doctor, Moms can also do several things at home to help overcome hyperactivity in the Little One:
1. Make Clear Rules
Make clear and consistent rules for the Little One. Make sure they understand what they can and cannot do. Use simple sentences that are easily understood by the Little One. For example, instead of saying “Don't run around in the house”, Moms can say “Inside the house we walk slowly, right?”.
2. Give Praise and Firm Consequences
Give sincere praise when the Little One follows the rules and give strict consequences when they break them. Avoid giving physical punishment or harsh words. Focus on explaining why the behavior is not allowed and offering a better solution.
For example, if the Little One is playing rough with his/her friend, Moms can say “Wow, his/her toy fell because he/she banged it too hard? Your Little Sister is sad that her toy was broken. Next time, let's hit it gently, so that the toy won't be broken”.
3. Invite the Little One to Exercise
Encourage the Little One to exercise regularly. Exercise can help them to burn energy and improve focus. Choose the type of sport that is suitable for the age and interest of the Little One. Some examples of good sports for hyperactive children are swimming, running, playing soccer, or gymnastics.
4. Limit Screen Time
Limit the screen time of the Little One. Exposure to television, gadgets, and other electronic devices can worsen the symptoms of hyperactivity. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that children under the age of 18 months are not given screen time at all, children aged 2-5 years are limited to a maximum of 1 hour per day, and children over the age of 6 years are limited to screen time as needed and with parental supervision.
5. Play Outside
Encourage the Little One to play outside regularly. Playing outdoors can help them to burn energy and breathe fresh air. In addition, playing outdoors can also stimulate the motor and cognitive development of the Little One.
6. Reduce Anger and Resentment
Teach the Little One how to reduce anger and resentment. Moms can teach them breathing techniques or how to calm themselves down by counting backwards. Relaxation exercises can also help the Little One to manage their emotions.
7. Establish Good Communication
Establish good communication with the Little One. Talk about their feelings and listen to what they want. Avoid talking in a commanding or yelling tone. Use a calm and firm tone of voice.
8. Cooperate with the Teacher
Cooperate with the teacher at the Little One's school. Provide information about your Little One's hyperactive condition to the teacher. Talk with the teacher about strategies that can be done at school to help the Little One learn and behave well.
Hyperactivity is not something to worry about excessively. With proper diagnosis and treatment, as well as support from parents and the surrounding environment, the Little One can grow and develop optimally.
Moms also do not need to feel alone. Many organizations and communities can provide support and information about hyperactivity. Do not hesitate to seek help from professionals if you need it.
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