Perhaps many do not understand about fetal undevelopment. Many people think that a non-developing fetus is a condition where the fetus does not grow according to its age. In fact, a non-developing fetus is also known as anembryonic pregnancy or empty pregnancy (blighted ovum). Then, what is meant by empty pregnancy? Let's see the full explanation here.
What is a non-developing fetus?
A non-developing fetus, also known as anembryonic pregnancy or blighted ovum, is a pregnancy condition where a fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus, but does not develop into an embryo. Although the gestational sac is formed, the embryo does not develop or form properly. This condition is usually detected in the first trimester of pregnancy through an ultrasound examination (USG).
Causes of Fetal Underdevelopment
Some factors that may cause the fetus to not develop include:
- Chromosomal Abnormalities: Most cases are caused by genetic or chromosomal abnormalities in the egg or sperm that forms the zygote.
- Placenta Problems: If the placenta does not form or function properly, the fetus does not get the necessary nutrients to develop.
- Infections: Certain maternal infections can affect embryo development.
- Environmental Factors: Exposure to harmful substances such as alcohol, drugs, or certain medications can contribute to abnormal development.
- Maternal Health Problems: Certain health conditions in the mother, such as hormonal disorders or autoimmune problems, can affect fetal development.
Characteristics of a Non-developing Fetus
Here are some common characteristics that may indicate that the fetus is not developing:
Cramping
An undeveloped fetus can cause intense abdominal cramps. Even pain or cramps in the lower abdomen can be similar to menstrual pain. If moms often experience abdominal cramps in early pregnancy should not be ignored. Because it could be a sign of empty pregnancy.
Sudden Bleeding
Just like the condition of miscarriage, vaginal bleeding, either in the form of light spotting or heavier bleeding similar to menstruation until the discharge of blood clots or tissue is one of the signs of a non-developing fetus. So, be aware of any form of bleeding that occurs during early pregnancy.
Fetal Heartbeat Not Detected
In a non-developing fetus the fetal heartbeat is not visible or audible through an ultrasound examination (USG). Especially at gestational age where the heartbeat should have been detected after 10 weeks of pregnancy. Normally, a developing fetus has a heart rate of around 120-160 beats per minute.
Decreased hCG Levels
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that normally increases during early pregnancy. A decrease or no increase in hCG levels according to gestational age could be a sign that the fetus is not developing properly.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
The next sign of a non-developing fetus is a condition where the fetus is smaller than the size it should be for a given gestational age. Although IUGR is more commonly associated with a slow-growing fetus than one that is not developing at all, it can be an indication of developmental problems.
Early rupture of membranes
Premature rupture of membranes can be a sign of problems in pregnancy, including the possibility of the fetus not developing. Keep in mind that rupture of membranes is a reaction of the body that signals the fetus to stop developing.
No Embryo
On ultrasound examination, the gestational sac looks empty or there is no developing embryo in it, even though the gestational sac is formed. This is one of the most obvious signs of a non-developing fetus or anembryonic pregnancy.
Handling of Non-developing Fetus
If moms experience these symptoms, it is very important to immediately consult a doctor or midwife. The doctor will usually perform follow-up examinations such as ultrasound and blood tests to confirm the condition of the pregnancy.
When a non-developing fetus is detected, the doctor will recommend several treatment options for an empty pregnancy, including:
- Waiting naturally as the body expels the pregnancy tissue naturally.
- Your doctor may prescribe medication to help the body expel the pregnancy tissue.
- In some cases, a curettage (D&C) procedure is performed to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus.
After treatment, follow-up examinations may be required to ensure that all pregnancy tissue has been removed and there are no complications. Experiencing a non-developing fetus can be very traumatic for the couple. Counseling and emotional support are very important.
Regarding prevention, as many cases are caused by random chromosomal abnormalities, there is no sure way to prevent it. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to harmful substances, and regular health check-ups can help reduce the risk.
Before trying to conceive again, a thorough health evaluation may be recommended to ensure that there are no underlying medical conditions that need to be addressed. Many doctors recommend waiting one or two menstrual cycles before trying to conceive again, to give the body and mind time to recover.
If you experience or suspect that the fetus is not developing, it is important to consult a medical professional immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment. (Aq/MKK)
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