Jaundice is a condition where there is an excess of bilirubin (a pigment substance) in the body. According to IDAI, jaundice is often found in about 60% of healthy newborns because their bodies are not yet able to eliminate bilirubin perfectly. Jaundice in newborns will disappear at most 14 days or more after birth, depending on the condition of each baby. Nevertheless, parents must be aware of the signs of dangerous jaundice in babies.
Normal Bilirubin Levels in Infants
Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced by the breakdown of red blood cells in the body. In infants, especially newborns, bilirubin levels are often a concern because they can cause jaundice. Bilirubin levels in infants are usually measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Normal bilirubin levels in newborns are below 5.2 mg/dL, while levels above 5 mg/dL are referred to as hyperbilirubinemia.
Quoting from the IDAI page, Hyperbilirubinemia is generally normal, with only 10% potentially becoming pathological (bilirubin encephalopathy). Here are the ranges of bilirubin levels in newborns that require medical attention:
- Baby under 1 day old: > 10 mg/dL
- Baby 1-2 days old: > 15 mg/dL
- Baby 2-3 days old: 18 mg/dL
- Baby over 3 days old: > 20 mg/dL
After the fifth day, bilirubin levels usually begin to decrease. However, it is important to note that each baby has different bilirubin levels, and factors such as prematurity, delivery method, and family health history can affect bilirubin levels.
Causes of Increased Bilirubin
Several factors causing increased bilirubin levels in newborns include:
- Prematurity: Babies born prematurely have less mature livers, making them less efficient in processing bilirubin.
- Blood Type: Differences in blood type between the mother and baby can cause a faster breakdown of red blood cells.
- Breastfeeding: Babies who do not receive enough breast milk may experience increased bilirubin due to dehydration or low calorie intake.
7 Dangerous Signs of Jaundice in Babies
Jaundice in newborns is a common condition that is usually not dangerous. However, there are several signs that parents should be aware of as they may indicate that the baby's bilirubin levels are too high and require medical intervention. Here are seven dangerous signs of jaundice in babies that should be watched for:
1. Yellow Appearing in the First 24 Hours
If a baby's skin and eyes start to yellow within the first 24 hours after birth, this could be a sign of a serious problem because bilirubin levels usually do not rise quickly during this period. Consult a doctor immediately.
2. Yellow Spreading Throughout the Body
In general, jaundice starts from the face and spreads to the lower body. If the yellowing reaches the thighs or legs and spreads throughout the body, this indicates a very high bilirubin level and requires immediate medical attention.
3. Rapid Skin Color Changes
If the yellow skin color of the baby becomes more intense or spreads rapidly within a few hours, this is a concerning sign and requires immediate medical evaluation.
4. Lethargic or Difficult to Wake Up
A baby who is excessively sleepy or difficult to wake may have high bilirubin levels. Lethargy or excessive fatigue can be a sign that bilirubin has affected the central nervous system.
5. Refusing to Breastfeed or Drink
A baby who refuses to breastfeed or drink formula milk may experience increased bilirubin levels. Insufficient feeding can worsen jaundice because bilirubin is not excreted through the stool.
6. High-Pitched Crying or Excessive Fussiness
A piercing cry, unusual fussiness, or signs of extreme discomfort may indicate a serious bilirubin problem, which may have affected the baby's nervous system.
7. Changes in Movement or Reflexes
If the baby shows signs of stiffness, weakness, or unusual movements, this could indicate that high bilirubin levels have affected the brain. Changes in reflexes can also be a sign to watch out for.
In addition, be cautious of jaundice accompanied by other symptoms such as seizures and fever. Also, note any changes in the baby's stool color, jaundice that does not disappear soon, and bilirubin levels that do not decrease for more than 14 days.
These are the signs of dangerous jaundice in babies that parents should be aware of. Hopefully, understanding the difference between normal and abnormal jaundice in newborns will help moms and dads care for their little ones so they grow and develop optimally.
Moms and dads are also required to provide comfort for newborns by using clump-free and thin diapers like MAKUKU SAP Diapers. In addition to being comfortable, MAKUKU diapers are equipped with advanced features that effectively reduce the risk of diaper rash. (Aq/MKK)
